Linking in Systems with One-dimensional Periodic Boundaries
نویسندگان
چکیده
With a focus on one-dimensional periodic boundary systems, we describe the application of extensions of the Gauss linking number of closed rings to open chains and, then, to systems of such chains via the periodic linking and periodic self-linking of chains. These lead to the periodic linking matrix and its associated eigenvalues providing measures of entanglement that can be applied to complex systems. We describe the general one-dimensional case and applications to one-dimensional Olympic gels and to tubular filamental structures.
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